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Resumen Para la reconstrucción y el tratamiento de anomalías que comprometen la aorta torácica pueden emplearse diversas técnicas quirúrgicas abiertas, las cuales estarán determinadas por la patología que presente el paciente. La angiotomografía computada multicorte (ATCMC) es el método de elección para su control y seguimiento. El médico radiólogo debe estar familiarizado con las técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas (Wheat, Bentall de Bono, Cabrol, entre otras), con las reparaciones estructurales que se realizan y con los materiales protésicos utilizados con el fin de evitar una interpretación errónea de las imágenes. El fieltro espontáneamente hiperdenso, los conductos protésicos y sus anastomosis, tanto con la aorta como con los grandes vasos, puede generar errores en el informe final y en el diagnóstico.
Abstract Multiple surgical techniques can be used for the reconstruction and treatment of abnormalities that compromise the thoracic aorta, which will be determined by the patients pathology. Multislice computed tomography angiography is the method of choice for their control and monitoring. The radiologist should be familiar with the surgical techniques used (Wheat, Bentall de Bono, and Cabrol, among others), as well as with the structural repairs that are performed and the prosthetic materials used in order to avoid an erroneous interpretation of the images. Spontaneously hyperdense felt, the prosthetic ducts and their anastomosis, both with the aorta and the large vessels, can generate pitfalls in the final report and error in the diagnosis.
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Abstract As they are asymptomatic or have a nonspecific, anatomical variations of the ribs are usually detected as incidental findings on imaging studies. They may be isolated changes or can be related to anomalies or clinical syndromes. Such variations are easily overlooked on conventional radiography and computed tomography if they are not actively investigated, mainly because most indications for a chest X-ray studies aim to evaluate the lung parenchyma and mediastinal structures. The objective of this pictorial essay was to use multislice computed tomography images to illustrate the imaging aspects of the main anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of the ribs.
Resumo As variantes anatômicas dos arcos costais são, geralmente, achados incidentais nos exames de imagem, em razão do seu comportamento assintomático ou quadro inespecífico, podendo constituir alterações isoladas ou relacionadas a anomalias e síndromes clínicas. Essas alterações são facilmente negligenciadas na radiografia convencional e na tomografia computadorizada se não forem investigadas ativamente, principalmente quando a maioria das indicações do estudo radiológico do tórax tem como objetivo a avaliação do parênquima pulmonar e das estruturas mediastinais. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar, por meio da tomografia computadorizada multidetectores, os aspectos de imagem das principais variantes anatômicas e anomalias congênitas dos arcos costais.
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Abstract China was the epicenter for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which quickly spread to other Asian countries and later to Western countries; subsequently, COVID-19 was categorized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Diagnosis primarily depends on viral detection in respiratory samples; however, available kits are limited, lack high sensitivity, and have a long turnaround time for providing results. In this scenario, computed tomography has emerged as an efficient and available high-sensitivity method, allowing radiologists to readily recognize findings related to COVID-19. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the main tomographic findings in symptomatic respiratory patients with COVID-19 to assist medical professionals during this critical moment.
Resumo A doença pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) teve epicentro na China e rapidamente se espalhou pelos demais países asiáticos e, posteriormente, para os países ocidentais, sendo definida como pandemia pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. O diagnóstico da COVID-19 é primariamente dependente da pesquisa do vírus nas vias aéreas superiores, mas os kits para sua confirmação ainda são limitados, não apresentam sensibilidade elevada e os resultados são demorados. Nesse cenário, a tomografia computadorizada surge como método eficiente e disponível e com alta sensibilidade, cabendo a nós radiologistas reconhecer prontamente os achados relacionados a essa doença. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar os principais achados tomográficos de tórax em pacientes sintomáticos respiratórios infectados pela COVID-19, de modo a auxiliar os colegas nesse momento crítico.
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Background: Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) is the main stay of pre-operative assessment of many complex congenital heart diseases (CHD) in current clinical practice, one of them is double outlet of right ventricle (DORV). DORV is one of the conotruncal anomalies that encompasses a wide spectrum of anatomic malformations in which both the aorta and pulmonary arterial trunk arise entirely or predominantly from the morphologically right ventricle (RV). Purpose of this article is to understand spectrum of DORV and associated types of ventricular septal defect (VSD) on MSCT imaging with special emphasis of usefulness of 3-D volume rendered (VR) images in pre surgical evaluation.Methods: A total of 500 paediatric patients (<18 years old), who had undergone MSCT were studied during the period 2014 to 2019 at the tertiary cardiac care centre.Results: 500 patients having primary/suspicious diagnosis of DORV on echocardiography during the said period were enrolled in the study. All the patients who underwent MSCT scan, were studied in detail for: DORV spectrum, associated types of VSD and its relationship to the semilunar valves. Out of 500 total subjects, subaortic VSD was the most common type of VSD observed (53%), followed by subpulmonic VSD (22%), non-committed VSD (18%) and doubly committed VSD (7%). Associations of pulmonary stenosis, subaortic stenosis and aortic co-arctation with various types of VSDs were addressed. Associated other anomalies were also analysed.Conclusions: Advances in MSCT technology has revolutionized pre-surgical diagnosis, management approach and post-operative follow-up of DORV patients. Excellent image qualities along with 3D volume rendered images help surgeon understand complex morphology of DORV variants and associated types of VSD. Significant reduction in intra and post-operative mortality in DORV patients in current era is result of MSCT technology.
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Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common abdominal surgical emergencies requiring accurate diagnosis. Itis characterized by obstruction of its lumen, leading to inflammation and finally perforation. To define its prognosis, choose anappropriate surgical procedure and to decide non-surgical treatment, the pre-operative diagnosis of perforated or non-perforatedappendicitis is very important.Aim of the Study: This study aims to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) scan abdomen indifferentiating perforated from non-perforated appendicitis using histopathology as the final diagnosis.Materials and Methods: Aprospective, cross-sectional analytical study, wherein 85 patients diagnosed with acute appendicitisreferred to the radiological department for CT scan abdomen were included in the study. Patients aged between 15 and 70 yearswere included in the study. CT scan abdomen with and without contrast was performed on a Toshiba 64 Multislice CT scanner(Toshiba Medical Systems Corp., Tokyo, Japan) which was used for all the patients. All the CT scans were interpreted by the sameconsultant radiologists with a minimum of 5 years of experience. The radiological features for the diagnosis of non-perforatedacute appendicitis by CT were based on swollen appendix, thickened enhancing wall, and smudging of surrounding fat planes,whereas the radiological features for perforated appendicitis used were, with abscess formation, phlegmon, extraluminal air,extraluminal appendicolith, and focal defect in the appendicular wall. Histopathology of the specimen collected following surgerywas undertaken by the hospital consultant pathologist of more than 5-year experience.Observations and Results: Among the 85 patients included in this study for the analysis of CT scan abdomen features, therewere 57 (67.05%) males and 28 (32.94%) females with a male-to-female ratio of 2.03:1. The mean age of the patients was38.90 ± 6.70 years. The incidence of non-perforated appendicitis was 66/85 (77.64%) including males 44/85 (51.76%) andfemales 22/85 (25.88%). The incidence of perforated appendicitis was 19/85 (22.35%) and males were 12/85 (14.11%) and 7/85(8.23%) were female. Patients aged 15–45 years of both genders constituted to 63/85 (74.11%) of the total patients. Amongthese patients, presenting with non-perforated appendicitis was 51/85 (60%) and perforated appendicitis was 12/85 (14.11%).Conclusions: Multislice CT scan abdomen was considered as the modality of choice for acute appendicitis not only to confirmthe diagnosis but also it plays an important role in assessment of appendicular complication, particularly in the detection ofperforated appendix. Using one or more of the five radiological signs of CT scan abdomen to identify appendicular perforationraised the sensitivity significantly reaching 94.12%.
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Gunshot, Postmortem Multislice Computed Tomography (PMCT), Virtual autopsy @#We report a case of a fatal gunshot injury to the chest which illustrates the compatibility of the Postmortem Multislice Computed Tomography (PMCT) features with that of conventional forensic autopsy findings. This case demonstrates that the PMCT has high potential to enhance the investigation and performance of conventional forensic autopsy.
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@#Digital implant guides have enabled "repair-oriented" implant restoration to become a reality by allowing an implant to be designed for an ideal site, maximizing the use of existing alveolar bone, and increasing the predictability of the restorative effect. This paper reviews the classification of digital guides and the related factors affecting the accuracy of digital guides to provide a reference for clinical doctors in practical applications. Digital guides can be divided into the categories of mucosal support, bone support, dental support and mixed support according to the retention mode. The manufacture and use of digital implant guides involve a series of processes, such as data acquisition, design and manufacture of the implant guide, and guided surgery. The accuracy of digital implant guides depends on all accumulated and interactive errors involved in the process from data acquisition to surgery. According to the process of guide plate fabrication and implant placement, errors in all aspects can be reduced to improve the accuracy of guide plate application.
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Abstract Introduction Rapid maxillary expansion is an orthodontic and orthopedic procedure that can change the form and function of the nose. The soft tissue of the nose and its changes can influence the esthetics and the stability of the results obtained by this procedure. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the changes in nose dimensions after rapid maxillary expansion in oral breathers with maxillary atresia, using a reliable and reproducible methodology through computed tomography. Methods A total of 30 mouth-breathing patients with maxillary atresia were analyzed and divided into a treatment group who underwent rapid maxillary expansion (20 patients, 10 of which were male and 10 female, with a MA of 8.9 years and a SD of 2.16, ranging from 6.5 to 12.5 years) and a Control Group (10 patients, 5 of which were male and 5 female, with a MA of 9.2 years, SD of 2.17, ranging from 6.11 to 13.7 years). In the treatment group, multislice computed tomography scans were obtained at the start of the treatment (T1) and 3 months after expansion (T2). The patients of the control group were submitted to the same exams at the same intervals of time. Four variables related to soft tissue structures of the nose were analyzed (alar base width, alar width, height of soft tissue of the nose and length of soft tissue of the nose), and the outcomes between T1 and T2 were compared using Osirix MD software. Results In the TG, the soft tissues of the nose exhibited significant increases in all variables studied (p < 0.05), whereas, changes did not occur in the control group (p > 0.05). In the treatment group, mean alar base width increased by 4.87% (p = 0.004), mean alar width increased by 4.04% (p = 0.004), mean height of the soft tissues of the nose increased by 4.84% (p = 0.003) and mean length of the soft tissues of the nose increased by 4.29% (p = 0.012). Conclusion In short-term, rapid maxillary expansion provided a statistically significant increase in the dimensions of the soft tissues of the nose.
Resumo Introdução A expansão rápida da maxila é um procedimento ortodôntico e ortopédico que pode alterar a forma e a função do nariz. Os tecidos moles do nariz e suas alterações podem influenciar na estética e na estabilidade dos resultados obtidos por esse procedimento. Objetivo O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as alterações nas dimensões do nariz após expansão rápida da maxila em respiradores orais com atresia maxilar, usando uma metodologia confiável e reprodutível com o auxílio de tomografia computadorizada. Método Um total de 30 pacientes respiradores orais com atresia maxilar foram avaliados e divididos em um grupo de tratamento, submetidos à expansão rápida da maxila (20 pacientes, 10 dos quais do sexo masculino e 10 do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 8,9 anos e DP de 2,16, variando de 6,5 a 12,5 anos) e um grupo controle (10 pacientes, sendo 5 do sexo masculino e 5 do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 9,2 anos, DP de 2,17, variando de 6,11 a 13,7 anos). No grupo tratado, foram realizados exames de tomografia computadorizada multislice no início do tratamento (T1) e 3 meses após a expansão (T2). Os pacientes do grupo controle foram submetidos aos mesmos exames nos mesmos intervalos de tempo. Foram analisadas quatro variáveis relacionadas às estruturas dos tecidos moles do nariz (largura da base alar, largura alar, altura do tecido mole do nariz e comprimento do tecido mole do nariz) e os resultados entre T1 e T2 foram comparados, utilizando-se o software Osirix MD. Resultados No grupo tratado (GT), os tecidos moles do nariz apresentaram aumentos significativos em todas as variáveis estudadas (p < 0,05), enquanto isso não ocorreu no GC (p > 0,05). No GT, a largura média da base alar aumentou 4,87% (p = 0,004), a largura média alar aumentou 4,04% (p = 0,004), a altura média dos tecidos moles do nariz aumentou 4,84% (p = 0,003) e o comprimento médio dos tecidos moles do nariz aumentou 4,29% (p = 0,012). Conclusão A curto prazo, a expansão rápida da maxila proporcionou um aumento estatisticamente significativo nas dimensões dos tecidos moles do nariz.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Nose/anatomy & histology , Nose/diagnostic imaging , Palatal Expansion Technique , Mouth Breathing/physiopathology , Reference Values , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Anatomic Landmarks , Multidetector Computed Tomography , Maxilla/abnormalities , Mouth Breathing/therapyABSTRACT
We present two cases of percutaneous sacroplasty for sacral body fracture (Denis 3) and sacral alar fracture under multislice computed tomography (MSCT) guidance and discuss the clinical results and technical considerations. Sacroplasty is often recommended for the treatment of painful sacral insufficiency fractures, which destabilize the sacrum. However, sacroplasty for Denis zone 3 is rare because of the lack of validating controlled studies or unique technical considerations related to sacral anatomy. We performed sacroplasty for Denis zone 3 via the transiliac approach. Precise needle placement and polymethylmethacrylate cement injection were performed safely under the MSCT system. No complications occurred related to this procedure, such as iliac fracture, vascular leakage, or epidural leakage. MSCT-guided transiliac sacroplasty was a useful and effective solution in treating sacral body fracture.
Subject(s)
Fractures, Stress , Multidetector Computed Tomography , Needles , Polymethyl Methacrylate , SacrumABSTRACT
Portal hypertension is a clinical syndrome of portal vein circulation disorder caused by multiple diseases.The assessment of portal vein pressure has important prognostic and clinical implications.However,there are great difficulties to carry out the hepatic venous pressure gradient.Recent non-invasive approaches to assess the portal vein pressure,including serum markers,ultrasonic testing,imaging and digital medical diagnosis technology has a steady progress.This article reviewed the recent approaches of the non-invasive assessment and the progress.
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Abstract Introduction The inferior turbinate (IT) is the most susceptible turbinate to enlargement causing nasal obstruction. The common belief ascribes most of the enlargement of the IT to mucosal elements. Objective This study aimed to investigate the detailed computed tomography (CT) measurement of the IT in asymptomatic adult by determining the thickness of both the non-bony (mucosa) and bony parts and their relation to nasal air space in different related areas of the nose. Methods We included in the study paranasal CT scans of 108 individuals (216 IT) that had no paranasal pathology. We acquired axial images with multiplanar reformates to obtain delicate details in coronal and sagittal planes for all subjects. We took separate measurements of the thickness of themedialmucosa, bones, and lateralmucosa of the IT on the anterior and posterior portions of ITs. We also measured the air space of the nasal cavity between the septum and IT anteriorly and posteriorly. Results The difference in the air space between nasal septum, anterior and posterior ends of IT was extremely statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The thickness of the medial mucosa was extremely significantly more than the lateral mucosa width (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in length of IT at both sides (p = 0.5781). Conclusion The detailed CT measurement of the IT in normal adult is an easy and novel measurement. This study lays the foundation for CT measurement of IT for further work that can describe changes in IT measures after turbinate surgery.
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La enfermedad diverticular del intestino delgado constituye una entidad de rara presentación, que suele confundirse con otras patologías más comunes cuando se complica. Los falsos divertículos son de origen primario o secundario, y asientan mayoritariamente en el duodeno. El divertículo verdadero más frecuente es el de Meckel. Las complicaciones aparecen en menos del 15% de los casos. Entre ellas, se destacan, por frecuencia, la perforación y/o inflamación, la obstrucción, el sangrado, y/o la diarrea crónica. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar el rol de la tomografía computada multidetector en el diagnóstico y manejo de la enfermedad diverticular del intestino delgado, exponiendo casos de la práctica diaria con correlato quirúrgico de pacientes evaluados en nuestra institución.
Small bowel diverticula is an uncommon and underdiagnosed pathology. False diverticula may be primary or secondary in origin and are frequently located in the duodenum. Meckel's diverticula is the most common true diverticula. Less than 15% of cases suffer complications, of which the following are, with decreasing frequency: inflammation and perforation, obstruction, bleeding, or chronic diarrhoea. In order to contribute to the best diagnosis and management of small-bowel diverticulosis, cases are presented that were initially evaluated with multislice computed tomography and confirmed surgically in our institution.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diverticulitis/therapy , Diverticulitis/diagnostic imaging , Intestinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Intestine, Small/diagnostic imaging , Diarrhea/complications , Multidetector Computed Tomography/methods , Hemorrhage/complicationsABSTRACT
Computed tomography (CT) is considered the most sensitive method for the detection of intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs).The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new method of 3-dimentional (3D) localization of IOFBs that takes advantage of the anatomical structure of the optic nerve and to assess the clinical outcomes using this new method.Twenty-two trauma patients with IOFBs or suspected IOFBs admitted to our hospital were scanned with multislice CT (MSCT) between July and December 2003.All scanning was performed with a 16-row spiral CT in axial plane using a sequential scanning protocol.During the scanning,the eyeball of the patient was kept stable and was not allowed to rotate internally or externally.Section collimation was set at 16 mm × 0.75 mm.Table feed was 12 mm.Reconstruction index was 0.75 mm.After scanning,the reconstructed images were loaded into a workstation to create the multiplanar reconstruction images with the aid of the 3D software.We compared the localization results with the operative findings.Multiplanar reconstruction images showed IOFBs in all 22 patients.IOFBs occurred in the eyeball of 14 patients,in the wall of the eyeball of 5 patients and in the posterior orbits of 3 patients.Different surgical procedures were designed according to the localization by this new method and all IOFBs were successfully removed.All of these foreign bodies were metallic and the localization of IOFB using MSCT was consistent with that found by operative findings.It was suggested that MSCT is a simple and effective imaging modality for the localization of IOFBs.In our study,we localized the IOFBs more quickly and accurately by taking advantage of the fixed position of the intraocular segment of the optic nerve,and determined the necessary surgical parameters.
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Abstract. The use of CT has continued to increase in the last few years, making it the largest contributor to the collective world dose. Children are not exempt from this, with a potentially increasing risk. The effect of tube voltage as a tool for dose reduction has been studied with the aim of investigating methods for optimisation in MSCT, including assessing its effect on image quality. It has been observed that when using the same kV values, the CTDIw is higher by a factor of 2 for the paediatric phantom compared to the adult phantom. A significant reduction in CTDIw was corroborated when lowering the kV, with fewer effects on noise in the paediatric image. On the other hand, a kV reduction allows better contrast when imaging bony structures and using contrast media.
El incremento en el uso de la TC es sostenido en los últimos años, llegando a ser la mayor contribución a la dosis colectiva mundial. Los niños no están exentos de ello, con un riesgo potencialmente creciente. Con el objetivo de estudiar métodos de optimización en TCMC se investigó el efecto del voltaje de tubo como herramienta de reducción de dosis gracias al uso de fantomas representativos, evaluando paralelamente su efecto sobre la calidad de imagen. Se observó que para el fantoma pediátrico el CTDIw es mayor en un factor de 2 con respecto a su símil adulto para iguales valores de kV. Se constató que una reducción en el kV permite una notoria disminución de CTDIw, con menores efectos sobre el ruido en la imagen pediátrica. Por otro lado, una reducción de kV permite mejorar el contraste de estructuras óseas y con medio de contraste yodado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Radiation Dosage , Phantoms, Imaging , Multidetector Computed Tomography/methodsABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a acurácia e reprodutibilidade de medidas ósseas lineares e volumétricas através do processamento de dados obtidos por tomografia computadorizada multislice por dois softwares Amira6® e CoDiagnostiX®. O material da pesquisa foi composto de uma mandíbula seca. Foi feita uma tomada tomográfica da peça intacta e uma segunda tomada com a mandíbula adicionada de quatro enxertos em bloco de diferentes dimensões, além de quatro desgastes. Os dados obtidos foram então processados através dos dois softwares por 3 examinadores, previamente calibrados, duas vezes cada um. As medidas físicas lineares dos blocos foram obtidas com um paquímetro digital e as de volume dos blocos e desgastes pela técnica do deslocamento em água em um cilíndro milimetrado. O volume dos desgastes foi obtido por preenchimento dos mesmos com resina bisacrílica de uma moldagem feita com a mandíbula intacta sobreposta na mesma com os desgastes, estes dados foram processados apenas pelo software Amira6® que permite a sobreposição de imagens 3D. A acurácia das medidas lineares e de volume foi avaliada pela comparação com o padrão ouro através do teste-T de Student e ANOVA. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatística significante nas medidas lineares e volumétricas obtidas entre os dois softwares e quando comparados individualmente com o padrão ouro.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of linear and volumetric bone measurements through data processing obtained by multislice computed tomography for two softwares: Amira6® and CoDiagnostiX®. The research material was composed of a dry mandible. A first tomography was made and then the jaw was added with four bone block grafts of different sizes and four wears were made in the chin area. The data were then processed twice using the two softwares by 3 examiners previously calibrated. Linear physical measurements of the blocks were obtained with a digital caliper and the volume of the blocks and wears by water displacement in a calibrated cylinder. The volume of each wear was obtained by filling the same with bis-acrylic composite of a matrix made with the jaw intact superimposed on it, these data were processed only by Amira6® software that allows 3D images overlap. The accuracy of linear and volumetric measurements was evaluated by comparison to the gold standard by Student T-test and ANOVA. The results showed no statistically significant difference in linear and volumetric measurements between the two softwares and individually when compared with the gold standard.
Subject(s)
Humans , Periodontics , Bone Resorption/diagnostic imaging , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Reproducibility of Results , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Tomography, Spiral Computed/methods , Dental Implantation , Brazil , Analysis of Variance , Osseointegration , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Mandible/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of different doses of chest multislice spiral computed tomography( MSCT) in screening pneumoconiosis. METHODS: Forty workers exposed to coal dust and silica dust were selected by random sampling method,and scanned by conventional dose( 130 k V,25. 0-75. 0 m As) and low-dose of MSCT which included program 1( 110 k V,50. 0 m As),program 2( 110 k V,16. 0 m As) and program 3( 80 k V,16. 0 m As) respectively. Comparative analysis was given to the reconstructions of high-resolution 1. 5 mm thin-section,5. 0 mm of ordinary-section and the maximum intensity projection of 5. 0 mm coronary position respectively. RESULTS: Program 1 and program 2 exceeded program 3 in both image quality scores and low-dose MSCT image evaluation score( P < 0. 01). Both program 1 and 2 were able to show the p,q,s and t small shadows of 40 cases,and had no statistical significant difference in small shadow scores compared with those of conventional dose group( P > 0. 02),except the t small shadow scores of program 2;program 3 distinctly showed fewer images of the 4 kinds of small shadow and more false images,its images of p,q and t small shadow scores were lower than those of conventional dose group( P < 0. 01). We evaluated the radiation dose indexes including the CT dose index volume,CT dose index weighted,dose length product and the average effective dose,and all the results showed the following trend sequence from high to low: the conventional dose group > program 1 > program 2 >program 3 group( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: All low doses of MSCT schemes can meet the demands of pneumoconiosis screening. Using the program of 110 k V,16. 0 m As can not only achieve better quality image,but also effectively reduce the radiation doses that patients receive in screening.
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A 45-year-old male car driver died in a traffic accident of four cars rear-end collision on the highway. He was found to have died after a respiratory and cardiac arrest at the scene. No sign of skin injuries was observed from the external inspection. The autopsy was not permitted by the family members because of the local culture. Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) was applied to the current case, showing dislocation of C3~4 cervical vertebrae with Ⅱ degree, C4 vertebral plate fractures, and spinal stenosis. Post-mortem MSCT confirmed the diagnosis as whiplash injuries. MSCT was verified to be effective in showing the severity of whiplash injuries, thus providing certain objective evidence for medicolegal expertise.
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Congenital upper urinary tract abnormalities imply a variable clinical spectrum of morphofunctional changes ranging from asymptomatic conditions to renal failure and incompatibility with life. Computed tomography, which has overcome excretory urography imaging, has been playing a key role in the diagnosis of congenital anomalies, serving as a better guidance in the therapeutic and surgical decision-making process, besides acting as an essential tool in the identification of associated complications and aiding in the performance of minimally invasive surgery techniques.
As anomalias congênitas do trato urinário superior implicam modificações morfofuncionais com espectro clínico variável, desde manifestações assintomáticas até falência renal e incompatibilidade com a vida. A tomografia computadorizada, além de ter superado o método de imagem da urografia excretora, tem desempenhado papel fundamental no diagnóstico das anomalias congênitas, orientando melhor nas decisões terapêuticas clínicas e cirúrgicas, além de atuar como ferramenta essencial na identificação de complicações associadas e no melhor desempenho de técnicas operatórias menos invasivas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Multidetector Computed Tomography , Urinary Tract/anatomy & histology , Urinary Tract/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
Para o sucesso do tratamento de reabilitação oral com utilização de implantes dentários osseointegráveis, diversos fatores são relevantes. O diagnóstico por imagens é uma das etapas mais importantes. Vários são os métodos por imagem disponíveis para a avaliação dos rebordos alveolares e a tomografia computadorizada tem-se mostrado a mais precisa. Dentre os diversos tipos de tomografia computadorizada, a multislice de 64 detectores representa um dos mais recentes avanços na área de diagnóstico. A realização deste trabalho tem como objetivo, por meio de relatos de casos clínicos, demonstrar a importância da utilização da tomografia computadorizada para avaliação do rebordo alveolar, evitando procedimentos iatrogênicos.
For the success of the oral rehabilitation treatment with the use of bone dental implants, many factors are relevant. The diagnosis by images is one of the most important steps. Many are the methods by images available for the evaluation of the alveolar ridge, and the computed tomography has shown itself as the most accurate. Among the many types of computed tomography, the multislice of 64 detectors represents one of the most recent advances in the diagnosis field. The accomplishment of this work, through clinical cases reports, intends to demonstrate the relevance of the use of computed tomography for the alveolar ridge, avoiding iatrogenic procedures.
Subject(s)
Diagnostic Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Dental Implantation , Alveolar ProcessABSTRACT
O câncer de mama representa o tipo de câncer mais comum em mulheres e constitui a primeira causa de morte por câncer nesta população. As alterações extramamárias relacionadas ao câncer de mama desempenham papel relevante no prognóstico e tratamento desta entidade, sendo fundamental a realização do diagnóstico correto e das diversas alterações. A maioria dessas manifestações é proveniente do tratamento adotado ou de suas complicações e pode estar associada a comprometimento linfonodal, recorrência locorregional ou metástases a distância.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer death among the female population. Extramammary findings related to breast cancer play an important role in the prognosis and treatment of such entity and the correct diagnosis of such alterations is essential for increasing the chance of cure. Most of the times, such manifestations result from complications arising from treatment, and may be associated with lymph node involvement, locoregional recurrence or distant metastasis.